Rhetorical Analysis Of How Of Read Literature Like A...

Ehren Lewis Mrs. Mary Smith Ap literature 20 September 2017 Analysis of Symbolism in†How to Read Literature Like a Professor† â€Å"How to read Literature like a Professor† by Thomas C. Foster is a very helpful book that goes over multiple literary strategies on how to read literature like a professor or someone with his literary skill. . With all of these literary strategies, symbolism is one that recurs frequently the throughout the entire book. Foster’s use of different techniques of symbolism help the reader understand different meanings behind what writers say. These techniques that Foster uses weather, from rain to fog, and the seasons. Weather and seasons are an amazing example of symbolism in literary works. In chapter 9, It’s†¦show more content†¦Cleansing rain can symbolize a change in someone. This change can be symbolized as a mental awakening or change in a characteristic, big or small. Changes can include the way someone sees themself or society. Liekt the lady in â€Å"Song of Solomon †, her cleansing rain washed away her false ideal of beauty and left behind what beauty truly was. Cleansing rain can also symbolize becoming â€Å"stained†, or having a negative change in a characteristic. This is through cleansing rain making a puddle of mud created from this rain. Fog is also an event in weather that is symbolized. Fog symbolizes confusion or a clouded mind. Characters may say that they have a foggy memory, meaning they don t remember something that previously happened. Fog can also confusion. This is seen through Scooby Doo, since a lot of the mysterious places that their gang visits re clouded by fog, symbolizing the mysteriousness in where their location. Floods and rain aren’t the only thing that is symbolized in weather, seasons also play an important role when trying to symbolize a literary piece. In chapter 20, †¦ So Does Seasons, Foster talks about seasons and what they symbolize. To summarize, spring represents new life. Spring s ymbolizes youth and childhood. Summer represents adulthood, romance, fulfillment, etc†¦ Autumn represents decline, middle age, and tiredness. Winter represent old age, death, and resentment. â€Å"Beauty and The Beast† shows whatShow MoreRelatedStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 Pages............................. 30 III. Humanities and Literature................................................................................................... 31 African Studies...................................................................................................................... 31 Literature (American) ........................................................................................................... 33 Literature (English and American) ..............................Read MoreOrganizational Behaviour Analysis28615 Words   |  115 PagesORGANISATIONAL ANALYSIS: Notes and essays for the workshop to be held on 15th - 16th Novemeber 2007 at The Marriot Hotel Slough Berkshire SL3 8PT Dr. Lesley Prince, C.Psychol., AFBPsS University of Birmingham November 2007  © Dr. Lesley Prince 2007. Organisational Analysis: Notes and Essays Page i Page ii Please do not attempt to eat these notes. CONTENTS Introduction to the Workshop Topics And Themes The Nature and Scope of Organisation Theory Levels of Analysis The MetaphoricalRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pagesteam. So the safari was launched. We did not, however, write this as a textbook or some sort of academic treatise. From the outset, we believed that the book should have as much relevance for managers and consultants in practice as students and professors in the clasroom. So we set out to write an easily accessible explanation of the fascinating field of strategic management. Sure, some parts may appeal more to practitioners, while others may be more of interest to the academically inclined. ThisRead MoreSummary Communication Theory13076 Words   |  53 PagesTheories try to explain phenomena. 2.) Theories as lenses: our perception is shaped by the way we want to see things. Thus, we pay special attention to certain aspects of communication, while disregarding others. 3.) Theories as maps: Theories act like guides through unknown areas. What is communication? Communication is the process of exchanging information and ideas between at least two or more people. Communication consists of five elements: 1) Communication involves ‘messages’ in any mediumRead MoreSummary Communication Theory13084 Words   |  53 PagesTheories try to explain phenomena. 2.) Theories as lenses: our perception is shaped by the way we want to see things. Thus, we pay special attention to certain aspects of communication, while disregarding others. 3.) Theories as maps: Theories act like guides through unknown areas. What is communication? Communication is the process of exchanging information and ideas between at least two or more people. Communication consists of five elements: 1) Communication involves ‘messages’ inRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesManagement—-Study and teaching. 2. Management—Problems, exercises, etc. Kim S. II. Title. HD30.4.W46 2011 658.40071 173—dc22 I. Cameron, 2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4 5 6 7 INTERPERSONAL SKILLS 232 233 Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagescase with the present book. This is a book that deserves to achieve a wide readership. Professor Stephen Ackroyd, Lancaster University, UK This new textbook usefully situates organization theory within the scholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouragedRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesCalifornia USA in 1993 with ISBN number 0-534-17688-7. When Wadsworth decided no longer to print the book, they returned their publishing rights to the original author, Bradley Dowden. The current version has been significantly revised. If you would like to suggest changes to the text, the author would appreciate your writing to him at dowden@csus.edu. iv Praise Comments on the earlier 1993 edition, published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, which is owned by Cengage Learning: There isRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesE SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture

Frederick Douglass And Maya Angelou Essay - 1624 Words

It is no secret that America’s history has been filled with constant oppression and ill treatments of African Americans and large amounts of discrimination toward their culture. Often times people cannot fathom what it is like to experience these inequities and only can get what it is like first hand through accounts of African Americans. Frederick Douglass and Maya Angelou both tell experiences where they were oppressed and demeaned just because of the color of their skin. Frederick Douglass’ â€Å"Learning to Read and Write† tells the account of how Douglass, a young slave, not only overcomes the depriving laws and norms of the time but also the smarts he used to be able to learn to read and write. Douglass had somehow convinced his†¦show more content†¦During her eighth grade graduation, Angelou describes every detail, showing her eagerness and elation for the day and as well as her pride that she feels for being second best of her class. These s wirling emotions come crashing down as the guest speaker, Edward Donleavy, not only finds away to degrade African Americans and these children s futures, but also seemed make the whole crowd feel less than worthy of anything. Just as soon as the speech had started it was over and it had left Angelou feeling worthless, and she had lost any pride she had. This mans discrimination of African Americans had left her feeling less than equal and conflicted on who she was and what she could become. Angelou contemplated herself and other African Americans stating â€Å"It was awful to be a Negro and have no control over my life...We should all be dead...As a species, we were an abomination. All of us.† (Angelou 29-30). Angelou wants us to understand that the daily prejudice and constant racism iso so great that they cannot even live their own lives. She explains that she feels that the weight of this hurt has just made her believe that African Americans should not exist at all. An gelou does not say that they should all be dead because she is believing the bigotry and prejudice against African Americans, but instead to escape the continuous inequities. Donleavy’s speechShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Theme of Freedom in Poetry2575 Words   |  11 PagesTheme of Freedom in Poetry Write about three poems on freedom: On Liberty and Slavery (George Moses Horton), Sympathy (Paul Laurence Dunbar) and Caged Bird (Maya Angelou). I have chosen to write about three poems on freedom: On Liberty and Slavery (George Moses Horton), Sympathy (Paul Laurence Dunbar) and Caged Bird (Maya Angelou). The full text of the poems is attached. I chose these three poems because the subject matter appealed to me and I believe that the poems convey their meaningRead MoreAfrican American Literature2022 Words   |  9 Pagesshe had to prove in court that she was the author. Literature also offered some African Americans power and influence, Frederick Douglas was one of these; he had been born in slavery, but eventually escaped and became and a lecturer, orator and author. His speeches addressed issues on abolitionism. Frederick Douglas autobiography Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, which was published in 1845 made him the most influential African American of his time. At the time

Business Law and Ethics Napster Case - 2125 Words

Table of content Table of content pages Introduction......................................................................................... 1 The internet piracy Napster case and other peer to peer system........... 1-3 What should be done to stop internet piracy or make it useful for companies......... 3-4 Conclusion................................................................................................................ 4 References......................................................................................................†¦show more content†¦Users linked to Napster were able to share files with other and download music from almost any other computer present on the network. Napster claimed to have over 20 million users in July 2000, all of them making copies of each others’ music. By that time, Napster became the centre of a controversy about online file sharing. Part of Napster’s appeal was intertwined with the novelty of digital music: Many technically inclined people enjoyed using computer programs to organize their music collections and also liked being able to â€Å"burn† their own CD mixes. But the truly unprecedented aspect of Napster was that it gave users convenient access to a seemingly unlimited selection of music—for free. A lot of fans and users of Napster did not consider the download of music as piracy; they said that Napster was just helping them to share files and not steal them. They also stated that Napster permitted to independent musician to become well known. A teenager quoted in a June 2000 Newsweek feature on Napster summed up the typical view: â€Å"People don’t think it’s anything bad. . . . Or think about it at all.† Meanwhile, the creators of Napster claimed that they were not responsible for what users did with their software. The music industry disagreed. â€Å"What Napster is doing threatens legitimate E-commerce models and is legally and morally wrong,† said Hilary Rosen, then-president of the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), the trade group that represents the U.S.Show MoreRelatedEthical Computing: Copying Music or Software from Another Person or over the Internet1338 Words   |  5 Pagesisnt theirs (Wilson, 2007). This is forcing the issue of copyright infringement and the protection of intellectual property at a global scale. In so doing, this dynamics is also re-ordering ethics surrounding all forms of digital content as well. Opening Statements The combined effects of the freemium business models that offer free services underwritten by advertising are now dominating the Web, shifting the expectations of computer users globally as a result. In conjunction with this shift inRead MoreNapster : The Problem Of Copyright Infringement981 Words   |  4 PagesThe Napster web site made file swapping over the Internet available via the software necessary for the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) file transfer to work. P2P is software that when downloaded onto someone s computer, enables that person to access another person s computer to find and copy certain files that the software is designed to recognize. It was used primarily for copying MP3 files, as a result avoiding the need to actually purchase music on CD or some other format. The popularity of Napster happenedRead MoreShawn Fanning, Creator of Napster, Changed the Music Industry2085 Words   |  8 Pagesbuzzing about. His idea was simple, to create a program where users were able to share filers over a central server, specifically music files. This became known as Napster. Napster, which was created in 1999, became an internet sensation in the blink of an eye. It was a free file-sharing community that involved millions of users. Napster linked numbers computers to a centralized server, which was accessible to almost anyone that had access to the internet. When logged onto the server, users couldRead More File Sharing Essay2581 Words   |  11 Pageslarge issue today in society even though it has existed for decades. It has been the recent advances in our technology that has made it main stream and in the eyes of the general public. File sharing today tests the limits of technology along with our ethics making it a fuzzy grey area. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;When discussing file sharings effect on society, first you should have a brief understanding about the terminology, technology, and methods that are used. File sharing in its simplest formRead MoreEssay on Electronic File Sharing2697 Words   |  11 PagesInternet, it became possible for a single person to share (more like distribute without authorization) with the whole world with ease. This has allowed for the much more significant financial damage to the parties being taken advantage of, in this case, the music industry. In my view, this is wrong. Unauthorized file sharing is bad for all parties, whether they know it or not, and should not be allowed. There are a couple of technologies that have really helped facilitate electronic file sharingRead More The Ethics of File Sharing Software Essay3352 Words   |  14 PagesThe Ethics of File Sharing Software Introduction The purpose of this paper is to discuss the ethical problem that file sharing software creates when used to transfer copy written material. It is contested that the very existence of this software promotes piracy. The paper will focus on the creators of the file sharing software, knowing that the user employs their product illegally. The software creators (Kazaa, Grokster, Morpheus, etc) are claiming that they cannot control what theRead More Hackers and the Evolution of Intellectual Property Rights Essay2142 Words   |  9 Pagesmost important such things are patents and copyrights. Patents protect inventions, and copyrights protect original forms of expression (Fisher 1). In both cases, the right to ownership amounts to ownership of an idea, not a physical object. Intellectual Property Rights in the United States The first American federal copyright law was enacted in the first year after the states ratified the Constitution. The original protection extended was for a period of fourteen years, with one renewalRead MoreFile Sharing And Web Piracy Essay1492 Words   |  6 Pagesthe developers of the P2P application. though P2P networks ar in all probability the foremost common and accessible to the common web user, there ar a number of alternative applications and/or strategies that give constant services and in several cases quicker access to a lot of content. As expressed antecedently, generally users have access to any or all varieties of digital content; this content includes however isn t restricted to: film, music or audio, software, video games, pictures, and documentsRead More Intellectual Property in an Interconnected Digital World Essay example2209 Words   |  9 Pagesalready started to attribute authorship of works to individuals. The purpose is to encourage people to make n ew inventions by rewarding them with the exclusive right to own their ideas. Laws have been made to prohibit people from taking other peoples ideas unlawfully (i.e., stealing) and in general, these laws have been successful in preventing the crime before it is done, and punishing the criminals after it is done. However, in recent years, the new phenomena of the Internet and digital technologyRead MoreFile Sharing And The Internet Piracy1468 Words   |  6 Pagesor paid for by the developers of the P2P application. Although P2P networks are probably the most common and accessible to the average internet user, there are a host of other applications and/or methods that provide the same services and in many cases faster access to more content. As stated previously, typically users have access to all types of digital content; this content includes but is not limited to: film, music or audio, software, video games, pictures, and documents. As one might have

Invent Your Own Religion - 1527 Words

Invent your own religion Skylar Mabe Religious Experiences Coffee Cult The Coffee cult was created as a unifying religion. Drinkers of the bitter liquid accept all kinds of drinkers: milk and sugar, honey, no sugar, no milk, black and even decaf. Members of the Coffee Cult, the drinkers, battled the likes of the tea, hot chocolate and soda drinkers for land and power since the beginning of time. In fact, the coffee cult was the most victorious among beverage worshipers. Because all pure beans have a bit of caffeine, the crusaders were able to stay awake longer than all the other thirsty ones. The coffee crusades took place over 100 years to conquer the holy lands of South America, where the sacred bean first flourished. Since then, the†¦show more content†¦To learn the texture and smell the aroma one must grind The Bean with a mortar and pestle. A ceremonial 14 beans are self-grinded and kept beside the coffee maker for the life of the Drinker. The second part of becoming a Grinder takes place the next day at 1400 hours. A ceremonial iron grin der is again taken to the kitchen where close family and friends witness the brewer count out the number of beans it takes to make 12 cups of coffee and insert them into the grinder where they are used to brew the pot of coffee for the transformation cup. Not until the Brewer finishes his pure cup of coffee is he a Grinder. Stage Four: Public Dedication In order to become a Barista, one must first show their love and dedication, not only to their family and closest friends but also to all believers. The Grinder will wake up for 14 days (these days do not have to be in a row) at 5am to go to his or her local â€Å"coffeehouse† (an optional place with multiple brewers and grinders where all drinkers can meet and have coffee before they start their day) to brew and grind coffee for the other drinkers. Because those 14 days do not have to be completed consecutively, the public dedication could take anywhere from 2 weeks to 6 months. Once this stage is finished, the Drinker is judged on his coffee by the members of his coffeehouse. Depending on his score, he may be able to attend Barista School. If the Drinker does not make a high enough score this step must beShow MoreRelatedEssay on Personal Narrative: My Personal Christian Philosophy894 Words   |  4 Pages Humans from my own point of view are Gods creation, because the bible makes me understand that humans were created in Gods image, and during the creation of man, God blew the breath of life into man to make him come alive. I assume the reason humans are so unique is that they were created like God. The reason why humans are the best of all creation is that they can think, invent new things, and have dominion of all other creatures on earth. Humans are the only living creation that is consciousRead MoreDiscuss the Claim That Some Areas of Knowledge Are Discovered and Others Are Invented1519 Words   |  7 Pagesareas like human sciences, history, religion and arts. As a generalisation it can be said that discoveries play a bigger role in natural sciences and even in mathematics than in areas like religion or arts. Art, be it a painting or a piece of music or certain literature, is generally invented by individuals. If a piece of art would not have been invented it simply would n ot exist. Laws of nature like the gravitational forces are not invented. They exist on their own and can only be discovered. SuchRead MoreThe Most Difficult Part Of Any Story766 Words   |  4 Pagesdescribing the principal character. Well, this is not a novel and the principal character cannot really be described, at least not by me, because it’s you. And since no one can describe you better than you, I will therefore leave this description to your imagination. These papers were written for one purpose only; to bring you to the threshold of a better world, a world brighter and gentler than the one you know now. In our mind there exists great confusion respecting the meaning of such terms as GodRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Divine Command Theory884 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"An act is morally required just because it is commanded by God and immoral just because God forbids it† (Shafer-Landau, The Fundamentals of Ethics, p.67). In interviewing an Elder of a local Jeho vah’s Witness congregation on the ethics involved in religion, he agreed that the divine command theory is correct, and that there are many commands and things that are forbidden in the bible that are considered to be God’s standards for the way we live our lives. But, when asked the modified version of theRead MoreWhat Are We Calling You To Me To The Unification Of God?1648 Words   |  7 PagesIslam. (a) The religion of the Unification of God; of freedom from associating partners with Him, and rejection of this; of complete love of Him, the Exalted; of complete submission to His Laws; and of the discarding of all the opinions, orders, theories and religions which contradict with the religion He sent down to His Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Islam is the religion of all the prophets, and makes no distinction between them - peace be upon them all. It is to this religion that we callRead MoreFunctions and Dysfunctions of Religion1497 Words   |  6 PagesFUNCTIONS AND DYSFUNTIONS OF RELIGION 2 â€Å"A religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, that is to say, things set apart and forbidden—beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called a Church, all those who adhere to them† –Durkheim (Henslin, 2009, p. 374). When sociologists do research on religion they’re goal is not to prove that one religion is better than another nor is it their goal to prove or disprove anyone’s faithRead MoreThe, An Atheist, Outsider, And The Existence Of Science And Education Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pagesridiculous images of someone or something that can explain all of our issues , answer all of our questions and do away with all of our problems along the way. Perhaps Voltaire had phrased it best, that â€Å"Even if God did not exist , it would be necessary to invent one â€Å" With newer generations exposed to a greater realm of science and education, the conventional role of a religious â€Å"insider† and an atheist â€Å"outsider† has tabled. Instead, it is now believed that science abhors the idea of a ‘God’, and that theRead MoreDetermine the World for Yourself1645 Words   |  7 Pagesus. In order to understand others we first have to understand ourselves. Once we understand ourselves, we then can understand and be understood by others. I am a Christian, and I believe in God always. I do understand that there are thousands of religions and some people may not even be religious. Once I understand where they are coming from or what they are, I can communicate because I am willing to change, for a good reason. It doesn’t mean that if I’m talking to an atheist I’m going to say, â€Å"OhRead MoreUnderstanding Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1342 Words   |  6 Pagesreliable model of origins to teach children in today’s scientific era? Where I stand on it is no it is not a reliable model. The reasons that evolution is a reliable model and creation is not a reliable model of origins are because the belief in religion is decreasing, court cases, and the possibility of teaching both in school. To give some background knowledge on this topic, first you need to understand Darwin’s theory of evolution. Darwin was an English naturalist and geologist in the 1800’sRead MoreExistentialism : Existentialism And Existentialism1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe value of your life isn t really something that can be measured. Some people consider your life more valuable than others, and some vise-versa. Your parents love you, and would trade everything they own to save your life, but the majority of people wouldn t do the same. Although Your life may hold more value to some humans than others, but how much is your life actually worth, and what gives your life its value? There are two main viewpoints that answer this question; Nihilism and Existentialism

World War II The Cold War - 882 Words

As a result of World War II, Germany was divided between the four most triumphant allies. The United States, France, and Britain shared West Germany. On the other hand, East Germany was occupied by the communist Soviet Union. In the center of the Soviet side, these four countries split the city of Berlin as well. The French, British, and Americans contained the west zone of Berlin, while the Soviets contained the east of Berlin, in the same manner that they had split the entire country. As soon as the land was divided, thousands of civilians quickly migrated from East Berlin to West Berlin, causing the communists to fear a collapse of their economy. Due to East Germany’s rapidly decreasing population, communist leader, Walter Ulbricht found a solution. On the night of August 13, 1961; a barrier was built encompassing West Berlin, it was known as the Berlin Wall. This wall became a primary representative of the Cold War. In the course of the existence of the Berlin Wal l, the United States’ President, John F. Kennedy visited West Berlin on June 26, 1963. On that day, President Kennedy gave a powerful speech, which accentuated the United States’ support for West Germany and for democracy. President John F. Kennedy began his speech by making known his sympathy towards the German audience and his pride in visiting the city of Berlin. He gave credit to their chancellor for committing Germany to democracy for so many years. Kennedy also brings up American General,Show MoreRelatedWorld War II And The Cold War902 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluenced by some form of ideas and ideologies, or the desire for power, wealth, and land. The events that lead up to and occurred during World War II and the Cold War have been affected by both influences. Throughout both events, the strongest influence both events faced was the desire for land, power and wealth. World War II was a major conflict that affected the world, leaving behind several casualties, broken cities, and death. Under Adolf Hitler’s control, Nazi Germany sought to conquer and controlRead MoreThe World War II And The Cold War1199 Words   |  5 Pagesfollow the end of World War II. The imperialism they discussed was one of political and commercial influence as a way to control territories, instead of the colonial method. The colonial empires remained devastated following the events of World War II and, the dawn of Stalin and Churchill’s new imperialism would spark the Cold War between the economically powerful United States and the politically frightening Soviet Union. This post World War II Imperialism divided the world into three positionsRead MoreThe Cold War And The World War II872 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the World War II through the present, the Cold War and the Globalization impacted a lot both positive and negative sides for the national world. The Cold War was a remarkable time for not only Germany and Globalization was a big shift for the world. From that, people defined Cold War as a division and Globalization as integration. So why do people define two events like that? The Cold War was simile as a division, especially when it came to Germany. As we all know, Germany was divided intoRead MoreWorld War II : The Cold War1087 Words   |  5 PagesWorld War II was devastating to all powers involved, but especially to the countries of Europe who had a war raging in their backyard. After the war ended, the world was a disaster, with economic and political policies destroyed. However, the tension that encompassed the world did not pass with the ending of the war; instead, it grew under the surface, strengthening animosity between countries with differing views, particularly the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the United StatesRead MoreWorld War II : The Cold War978 Words   |  4 PagesAfter World War II came to a stop in the mid-20th century, a new rivalry began known as the Cold War. This battle sorrowed the world’s two great powers the democratic, capitalist United States and the communist Soviet Union against each other. Begin ning in the late 1950s, space would become another tense stage for this competition, as each side wanted to prove the superiority of its technology, its military firepower and by extension its political-economic system. There were a lot that led up priorRead MoreWorld War II And The Cold War916 Words   |  4 PagesOn a cold March morning on the 5th of 1953 Stalin lay in his bed surrounded by his personal doctors the great uncle Joe Stalin had been laid to rest euthanized by his doctors. He had grown up a member of the communist party more so a member as a means to power then a true believer in the doctrine. He would soon see this position put him in charge of the entirety of the newly named USSR (United Soviet Socialts Republic). He would steer the country through the horrors of World War II and he would consolidateRead MoreThe World War II And The Cold War1247 Words   |  5 Pagesof providing for the nation while at war. Although war’s affect may touch upon many aspects of life not only in America but any nation at war, blurred lines take the place of division between the civilian and military and economics. Private and public economics blend together, partly due to the massive spending dedicated to weapons and warfare, biological and traditional. The groundwork for this blended infrastructure was laid before World War II and the Cold War; conversely, there are more roadblocksRead MoreThe Cold War On World War II1264 Words   |  6 PagesFrom numerous points of view, the Cold War started even before the weapons fell quiet in Germany and in the Pacific in 1945. Suspicion and doubt had characterized U.S. - Soviet relations for a considerable length of time and reemerged when the cooperation against Adolf Hitler who was chancellor of Germany during World War 2, was no more. The belief system and dreams of the after war world anticipated U.S. president Harry S Truman and Soviet Dictator Joseph Stalin from cooperating. Stalin expectedRead MoreWorld War II : The Cold War962 Words   |  4 PagesSoon after World War II ended in the mid-20th century, a new rivalry started known as the Cold War. This battle aroused enmity between the world’s two great powers the democratic, capitalist United States and the communist Soviet Union. In the late 1950s, space became center stage for this competition, as each side left no stone unturned to prove the superiority of its technology, military firepower and political-economic system. There was a lot that led up to the space race. The United States cameRead MoreThe World War II : The Cold War2518 Words   |  11 Pagesmostly due to World War II. America and the Soviets were both excellent examples of terrible relationships. They both started in World War II fighting alongside together. This entire time the Communism presented by the Soviets frightened America. America’s worries were mainly because of the tyrannical leadership by Joseph Stalin. Finally, the Cold War began after Soviet continued to expand and the US became more worried. There were very high tensions leading up to the Cold War and during. There

Adaptation Of ERP System In Organisations †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About the Adaptation of ERP System in Organisations? Answer: Introduction Enterprise Resource planning [ERP] system is an information technology system package which can be configurable within the functions of the organisations incorporating the information based processes and other information (Hallikainen, et al., 2004). These information technological systems can be customised with the particular needs of the large, small and all kinds of small organization. The increasing use of ERP in the world is easing and facilitating flexible approach to operate the business activities. In the current time, ERP system is being implemented by the various industries and sectors irrespective of size of the organisation. Thus, it is becoming one of the most researched topics in the recent times (Miranda, et al., 2016). This research paper is focusing on the concept of Enterprise Resource Planning system and its significance in the present era. Moreover, the best industry which is appropriate for the implementation of ERP system is being explored for the business users significantly. The importance and specific reason behind the integration of ERP system in the organisation is also being investigated in the study. In addition to this, the regulation and rules like Sarbanes-Oxley Act have also been described with the suitable explanation behind its incorporation in the system with some case references. Furthermore, My SAP ERP has been illustrated with its prcised implications in this study. Lastly, the success or failure of the ERP integration in the organisations with the cause behind has also been detailed in the paper. Reasons for Adopting ERP Software In the recent few years, globalisation and liberalisation have changed the industrial scenario immensely (Light, 2004). The use of new technological tools in the organisation is not new now, along with this various methods that are being adopted by the organisations that minimises the manual work and helps the workers to do activities more accurately and promptly. Enterprise resource planning system is an information system package that is configured according to the specific functions and operations of the organisation and based on the information process to articulate the informations precisely. It is a very expensive yet very beneficial tool to handle the business operations and management quite effectively and efficiently (Light, 2004). It has been found in many of the researches that the information technology has benefited the organisations in many sectors but it has a significant effect in each of the business entity for two reasons basically. First, technological reason that emphasis on the maintenance and development of the platform to outsource software. Predominantly, it is used in supporting the traditional or previous versions of any software (Tortorella and Fries, 2015). The vendors can customise ERP software according to their requirement and acquired it for active operations. Moreover, any new development in the software can be integrated quite easily. The technology needs maintenance services time to time which is possible through ERP software. Moreover, one of the most important reasons for the adoption of ERP system is to apply a clean slate approach and improve the all over improvement in the software system. In the organisation, un-customised standards ERP packages are required to be attained. In old systems software, maintenance difficulties and no option further development are being faced by the organisation. Additionally, it facilitates a common platform for software as well as standardisation which is an essential need for the organisations (Tortorella and Fries, 2015). The groups can share the common information tech nology, integration of ERP system can be done with other systems, same network can be used by the groups of the companies, helps in changing the information system of the companies and ERP system is perfect solution of old systems that did not work in the needed manner. Besides that, ERP system is the perfect solution of resolution of the year 2000 issues and problem of euro conversion (Al-Jabri and Roztocki, 2014). ERP systems are preeminent choice to reduce IT costs as it helps in increasing the efficiency, to maintain more capacity with low cost investment and it also ensures support of low maintenance cost. Furthermore, the old IT structure and architecture is replaced with the modern and hi-tech technology, which is a crucial need of organisations to be competitive in the current time. Mainframe computers are old technology with old systems and obsolete technology, thus it needs to change with ERP models. It is a replacement investment as old investment has achieved its finished stage of development lifecycle (Al-Jabri and Roztocki, 2014). Not only this, second point in ERP model is need for the business reasons that entails want to standardized IT and organisational blueprint pressurised by the globalisation in the world. The global operations become easy in the ERP system plus any information can be transferred to any of the outlet/ system in the world in real time. It also enhanced the procurement of unified global system for whole the company and provides standards with suitable policies and practices (Ptak and Schragenheim, 2016). It is enable to satisfy the desires and needs of the group along with the attainment of developed objectives. Apart from this, companies desire for the newness an alternative methods and technology is being addressed by the ERP system. It supports the new processes and enhances the efficiency of embedded old processes (Rajan and Baral, 2015). It also looks out for the upcoming development and variable in business operations. The best part of incorporating the ERP is that it facilitates fast operating services and reliable for the decision makings. It is responsible for many beneficial improvements such as customer services, process control, project control, data visibility and managerial account reporting. Furthermore, it augments the reliability and credibility of the information plus the amount of information also increased through ERP models. Although it is an expensive affair yet it is conscientious for the information flow within the organisation and supports the operations of sales and marketing (Rajan and Baral, 2015). It helps in improving the incorporation of customer relationship m anagement and integration. ERP system is utilised by every sector and every industry as it enhances the operations and supports the functions of the organisation, while specifically there are many industries for business users integrating the ERP system gives the best results (Kapp, et al., 2016). The best industries that are suitable for adaptation of ERP system are manufacturing industry, consultancy industry, service industries, wholesale industry, retailing and logistics industry. Furthermore, the ERP system is very convenient for the large group of companies that worked for the same brand or managed by a single management team (Kapp, et al., 2016). Multinational and national chain stores/ companies are also requires these kind of ERP acquisition for comprehensive and easy operations management. Sarbanes-Oxley Act Business management includes the financial accounting and management accounting which is very essential part of the business (Badnaaz, 2003). Financial accounting is for external stakeholders, while management accounting is useful of the internal stakeholders of the organisation. Financial accounting is compulsory for the organisations as it has some statutory needs and over all reporting related to investments and financial activities of the organisation for the investors are being provided. My SAP is an ERP system that helps in effective and prompt operations of financial as well as management accounting of the organisations. However, in recent past years many irregularities and scandals have been revealed regarding the financial and managerial accounting that leads to imposing the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 2002 which is also known as SOX for comprehensive reforms of business activities (Badnaaz, 2003). It enables the organisations to implement a standard format and procedure for the reco rding of financial and managerial recording. The act also included mangers in the act and as they responsible for any irregularities which are being made in financial reporting. The Enron scandal which is an American company that deals in oil and gas products was the ultimate force for the government to pass this act for the financial management with certain policies and standards. The company had expanded its operations oil refineries, power plants, gas, electricity and community, pulp and papers and became one of the biggest and most financially sound company in America (Ferran and Carlos, 2008). Until it bankrupted in 2001, reason was cheating and fraudulent actions in the financial reporting when the government made the de-regularisation in the oil and gas industry. Several financial crimes and misdeeds were revealed in 2001 and the main reason behind that was misrepresentation and financial illegal manipulation of corporate funds in the energy market (Green, 2004). In the end c ompany suffered substantial losses and failed to operate further in the U.S. market. The above case of misleading information and fraud directed Michael Oxley and Paul Sarbanes to create a law called as Sarbanes-Oxley Act to protect the external stakeholders and improve the corporate disclosure by facilitating accurate and credible financial reporting (Green, 2004). It mainly helped in finishing the drawbacks in previous accounting practices and improves the corporate government rules and regulations. Furthermore, it ensured the credibility and reliability in the accounts disclosure with corporate accountants and executives (Panorama Consulting Solutions, 2015). The act has facilitated transparency in the accounts and declaration made in the financial transaction and shareholders reporting. All of these implications are also complied with the My SAP ERP system as well. It also helped the organisations and external stakeholders to supervise and monitor the corporate behaviour and accounting practices of public companies related to the financial accosting recoding and transactions (Panorama Consulting Solutions, 2015). My SAP enables an organisation with strong cash management and integration of good practices regarding tax regulations and SOX rules. It provides immense precision in good-in-transit orders plus quality control and assurance. My SAP ERP system embraces customised information technology system used for both financial and managerial accounting which maintains make-to-order processing easy and incorporates the retail module in the organisation. Lastly, it also helps in innovative functionality in the development and creation of products (Panorama Consulting Solutions, 2015). Success and failure of ERP implementations and reasons ERP system is the central backbone for the organisation in the information management that provide its support in all the operations and functions (Al-Mudimigh and Aldammas, 2011). It has been critically researched in the past cases that the failure and success of the company is depending on the information technology or software which is used by the organisation. On the other hand, the main reason of success and failure lies with the effective and poor implementation of the software in the integration of the management of the organization (Rodriguez, et al., 2014). There are various companies in the history that has proved the ERP system as successful investment in the management operations and decision making such as Daimler Chrysler, Colgate-palm Company, the first capital financial company, Germany BASF Company and the Aluminium company. The success factors that are explored in implementation success stories of these companies include emphasis on the process and requirement of th e business. Moreover, a healthy ERP system with the higher return on investment and which can be further developed or improved should be focused to attain. ERP system also needs to be addressed with fully committed resources and strong project management (Al-Mudimigh and Aldammas, 2011). Besides the top management and company executive commitment is also needed for the effective implementation of ERP system. The internal environment should be comprised with flexible and expedient change management plus adequate ERP training should be provided to the employees. On the contrary, there are several cases of failure in the implementation of the ERP systems that has devastating results in the growth of the organisations such as New York City, Hudson Bay, Hewlett Packard Co., Nike Co., Waste Management Co., and Saudi Telecom Company (Rodriguez, et al., 2014). The basic reasons behind the failure in its implementation are lack of support from the top level management, ineffective measures and inadequacy in the companys culture. Furthermore, ample of customisation in the system or software also leads to complexities and ultimately outcomes in failure. The relationship between the organisation and consulting partners are also a reason for the unsuccessful ERP implementation (Whanga, et al., 2003). It also directed because of poor consultant effectiveness and poor quality of business processes that does not fit in the ERP system. The poor management of projects also causes the implementation process of ERP unproductive. Additionally, skipping the imp ortant steps of implementation may also lead to the ERP system ineffectiveness which are documentation, redefining and integration stages. Sometime, company choose unusual ERP systems and does not consider vendors recommendation seriously which obscure the process and operation of the organisation. The seeded configurations also has a difference in the implementation of AS IS and TO BE requirements of the business (Whanga, et al., 2003). In the end, budget is another major concern while implementing ERP systems that facilitates the key performance indicators and implementation of healthy return on investment. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be inferred that the Enterprise resources planning is implementation of information technology in the operation of the organisation to make the functions more versatile and uncomplicated. The main reason for the adoption of the information technology is divided into two area that is technological and business reasons. The need for fast and speedy transaction and process information in the real time is the main motive of ERP system. However, there were some frauds and misrepresentation of financial accounting cases that lead to implement the Sarbanes-Oxley Act to protect the investors. In addition to this, My SAP is an ERP system that helps the organisation in implementing the rules and effective management in the organisation. Lastly these are various cases that provide the factors which direct an organisation in the success and failure in implementation of the ERP system. References Al-Jabri, I. M., and Roztocki, N. 2014. Adoption of ERP Systems: Does Information Transparency Matter? Telematics and Informatics 32(2), pp. 300-310. Al-Mudimigh, A. S., and Aldammas, A. 2011. Critical success and failure factors of ERP Implementations: two cases from kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 28(2), pp. 73-82. Badnaaz, A. 2003. Vendors hawk Sarbanes-Oxley wares. Network World Magazine 20(45), pp. 12. Ferran and Carlos. 2008. Enterprise Resource Planning for Global Economies: Managerial Issues and Challenges: Managerial Issues and Challenges. IGI Global. Green, S. 2004. A Look at the Causes, Impact and Future of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Journal of International Business and Law 3(1), pp. 33-52. Hallikainen, P., et al. 2004. Reasons for ERP Acquisition. [Online] Available at: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.90.367rep=rep1type=pdf [Accessed at: 26 April 2017]. Kapp, K. M., et al. 2016. Integrated Learning for ERP Success: A Learning Requirements Planning Approach. CRC Press. Light, B. 2004. Reasons behind ERP package adoption: A diffusion of innovations perspective. [Online] Available at: https://usir.salford.ac.uk/17281/1/20040095.pdf [Accessed at: 26 April 2017]. Miranda, M. Q., et al. 2016. Technology adoption in diffusion of innovations perspective: introduction of an ERP system in a non-profit organization. Revista de Administrao e Inovao 13(1), pp. 4857. Panorama Consulting Solutions. 2015. Clash of the Titans 2016: An Independent Comparison of SAP, Oracle, Microsoft Dynamic s and in for. [Online] Available at: https://go.panorama-consulting.com/rs/603-UJX-107/images/Clash-of-the-Titans-2016.pdf?mkt_tok=3RkMMJWWfF9wsRoluKrLZKXonjHpfsX57OwsWqO%2BlMI%2F0ER3fOvrPUfGjI4CS8ZiI%2BSLDwEYGJlv6SgFTLDGMbVqwrgMWxY%3D [Accessed at: 26 April 2017]. Ptak, C. A., and Schragenheim, E. 2016. ERP: Tools, Techniques, and Applications for Integrating the Supply Chain. 2nd ed. CRC Press. Rajan, C. A., and Baral, R. 2015. Adoption of ERP system: An empirical study of factors influencing the usage of ERP and its impact on end user. IIMB Management Review 27(2), pp. 105117. Rodriguez, E., et al. 2014. ICAS2014-International Conference on Analytics Driven Solutions: ICAS2014. Academic Conferences Limited. Tortorella, G. L., and Fries, C. E. 2015. Reasons for adopting an ERP system in a public University in Southern Brazil. Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Operations Excellence and Service Engineering Orlando, Florida, USA. Whanga, J., et al. 2003. A Case Study on the Successful Upgrade of ERP System. 7th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems, Adelaide, South Australia.

Entrepreneurship and Innovation Skills

Question: Discuss about the Entrepreneurship and Innovation Skills. Answer: Introduction: Entrepreneurship and innovation are the two most important characteristic of organizations, which help it in acquiring a competitive edge over the competitors (Shendage, 2012). These are the two skills, which is of utmost urgency in the present scenario of the global market. Kiichiro Toyoda laid the foundation of the Company in the year 1937. Ever since the inception, the Company is continually deploying new and emerging trends in their business counterpart to give its competitors a strong competition in the Automobile industry (Imai, 2012). However, the earned fame of selling the largest number of vehicles in the world is now at stake as it is facing a stiff competition from Germanys Volkswagen. There is an urgent requirement of incepting the entrepreneurship and innovation skills to add new dimensions to the products, which could help in dominating the market by attracting added customers (Scarborough, 2012). This report tries to cover the strategy of the Company along with its current position in the market. It also shows the necessity of entrepreneurship and innovation skills in the Company. Strategy of the Company: The strategy of the Company constructs the relationship of its characteristic with the origination, which validates the objectives as Lean development and Instant Production (Imai, 2012). The strategy of the Company boasts on certain principles, which are acting as the driving force in the manufacturing of largest number of hybrid vehicles in the world. These forces include analysing the challenge, having trust in teamwork, respect, curiosity to bring improvement and observation (Shim Steers, 2012). Further, they believe in long-term philosophy as a foundation of management decisions. Moreover, they believe in following a process in solving the identified problem. The Company believes in developing leadership quality in employees to keep on adding values to the organization. The organization encourages learning through a continuous observance of the chief problem (Imai, 2012). Current position of the Company: Toyota Motors has the reputation to sell the largest number of vehicles worldwide. It is the first company to attain a global sale of more than 10 million units, a feat never achieved before by any competitor (Sundberg Sjdahl, 2012). However, the Company is getting a stiff competition from one of its competitors- Germanys Volkswagen. China is the biggest market for any motor brand but eventually it has emerged as a serious challenge in front of the Company to get hold on the market (Rajasekera, 2013). Further, this is for the reason that Toyota has a minimal market shares in China, which is only 4%. Entrepreneurship and innovation: Entrepreneurship and innovation are the two most effective element of an organizational behaviour that produces differentiating results in between the competitors (Shendage, 2012). There are three kinds of innovation, which include Revolution, Renewal and Resilience. They have creativity in them, which provides new dimensions to the organizations. Moreover, they believe in competition and have strong determination for innovative ideas (Shendage, 2012). Revolution relate to a path, which shows a destructive nature of an outsider for enhancing the competition in the market (Christensen, 2013). Renewal is a process, which a company adds to its existing thinking to narrow the failure performance in the market (Keeley et al., 2013). Resilience signifies the most fundamentalist approach of an organization, which is very rare in practice but has the capabilities to produce wonder in favour of the Company (Christensen, 2013). Further, there are two types of innovation, which include the sustaining innovation and the disruptive innovation (Keeley et al., 2013). Sustaining innovation include targeting its customers based on established facts that had helped organizations in their achievements. However, the disruptive kind of innovation believes in such products, which are lesser in quality but match with the changing nature of customer behaviour (Keeley et al., 2013). This kind of innovation compels its followers in bringing the cheaper product to capitalise on the growing urgency for a lesser pricing of a product. Responsible factors influencing the inception of Entrepreneurship and innovation in the Company: Inception of entrepreneurship and innovation skills in the Toyota automobiles has the potential to bring the desired result for the Company (Scarborough, 2012). However, the serious failure of the Company in the China part has compelled it to go for a disruptive and a renewal kind of innovations (Shendage, 2012). Moreover, these innovations are extremely helpful in encouraging the Toyota Company for a cheaper production to match up with the market requirement. Nonetheless, the Company failed in capitalising the China market, which has created enough reasons for the adoption of these kinds of innovations (Rajasekera, 2013). The Toyota Company need to give solid fundamentals to its management for establishing respective roles for its management (Sundberg Sjdahl, 2012). This indeed is helpful in ensuring utmost care of the work responsibilities in the Company. There are numerous processes, which help in winning the competitive edge. These processes include determination of projects obj ectives and calculation of assumptions (Rajasekera, 2013). This can help in a comparative lesser failure in the business operations of the Toyota Company (Scarborough, 2012). However, to produce a desired result with the help of entrepreneurship and the innovation skills, it requires a deep study of the vehicle market in China. The main reason for the flop show of the Toyota Company in China was the high pricing (Idrac, 2013). The product, which the Company offered to the market, is much costlier than General Motors. The marketing personal of the Company misjudged their target customers in China, which resulted in a huge loss to the Company (Maimonides, 2013). The offering of the Company in the form of Yaris gained only an average of 1,250 car sales in a month. However, other soared high by selling more than 12,000 car sales in a month. Moreover, this has contributed significantly for the requirement of entrepreneurship and innovation skills in the Company to mitigate the loss occurred. SWOT analysis of Toyota: Strengths Huge brand image Worldwide supply chain Responsive innovation capabilities Based on responsive innovation capabilities, the Toyota Automobile has continually deployed numerous strategies to attain a leading place in the world of market. Sale of 10 million units is a feat, which no company has ever achieved (Hoque et al., 2013). Moreover, this simply describes the leadership quality in the Company. Weaknesses Wrong study of potential market such as China Comparatively costlier offerings Wide range of products, which adds loads of fields to take care of Inefficient approach to China resulted in a huge loss to the Company. Moreover, an incapable strategically approach resulted in an average show of the Company. Nevertheless, the Company has only around 5% shares in China, which is comparatively very low than the combined shares of Volkswagen and General Motors (Messaoud, 2013). Opportunities Rising demands in developing countries Growing curiosity in superior electronic vehicles Keeping on a close look on the current trend of some potential market, it is evident that enormous opportunities are there for the Toyota Automobiles. Nevertheless, the Company could not perform up to its reputation in China. However, some other potential markets such as India where Toyota can put their excellent show with the help of Suzuki Company. Nonetheless, Suzuki has a dominating performance in India with 50% of market shares (Ng Tan, 2015). Threats Domination of market by reasonable-cost competitors Comparatively quicker innovation of competitors Growing market trend for the low cost vehicles is a serious threat to the Toyota Company. This indeed has resulted in an average show of the Company in China. Moreover, the Company could not sustain their same reputation in China where other foreign companies such as Germanys Volkswagen has a healthy grow. The strategy to put high cost vehicles to the target market was an inefficient approach, which is evident with the market shares of the Company in China (Fung, 2014). Recommendation based on SWOT analysis: Production of low cost motors is the first recommendation for the Company to compete in the potential market such as China where they have shown an average performance. Making collaboration with Other Companies can work wonder in favour of the Company. For an example, Suzuki has 50% market shares in India. Moreover, this is a clear indication towards the fact that a joint venture of the Company with the Suzuki might produce a surprising result in India. This could also prove its worth in producing reasonable product offering in potential markets. To make a thorough study before designing the target market to meet with the requirements of the target customers. The serious failure in this part heavily affected the position of the Company in China. The Company need to bring rapid innovation skills in their offerings, which could help in producing customer friendly products that varies with the geographical and the cultural differences. Conclusion: The Toyota Company ever since its inception kept it engaged in deploying new thoughts to produce quality product. However, the Company could not sustain the same reputation in China, which is indeed the potential market in the world. The entrepreneurship and the innovation skills are the two most effective features of an organizational behaviour, which brings responsive nature in organizations with respect to the market inflation. Nevertheless, the collaboration of the Company with Suzuki in India might produce effective results in favour of the Company. To be a global leader, acquaintance with different kind of market with suitable offerings is of utmost requirement. Nevertheless, responsive approach towards entrepreneurship and innovation skills might work wonder in favour of the required market approach of the Company. References: Christensen, C. (2013).The innovator's dilemma: when new technologies cause great firms to fail. Harvard Business Review Press. Fung, A. (2014). International Business Strategies: A Review and Extension of Theories.Chinese economy,47(5-6), 116-130. Hoque, I., Faruque, M. O., Shahid, E. M., Pasha, S. H. A., Rahman, S. O. (2013). Analysis of Toyotas marketing strategy in the UK market. Idrac, I. (2013). How to make a Western brand successful in China: should it rely on its Western image or adapt to its products market? Imai, M. (2012).Gemba Kaizen: A commonsense approach to a continuous improvement strategy. McGraw Hill Professional. Keeley, L., Walters, H., Pikkel, R., Quinn, B. (2013).Ten types of innovation: The discipline of building breakthroughs. John Wiley Sons. Maimonides, S. P. (2013). Toyota: Dealing With Crisis in a Major (Foreign) Market. Messaoud, B. (2013). International Sales Strategy. Maketing, Sales and Distribution. Ng, J. C. Y., Tan, H. T. (2015). GOING GLOBAL: Do you have the Necessary Strategic and Resources FIT?.Indian Journal of Management Science,5(1), 96. Rajasekera, J. (2013). Challenges to Toyota caused by recall problems, social networks and digitisation.Asian Academy of Management Journal,18(1), 1-17. Scarborough, N. M. (2012). Essential of entrepreneurship and small business management.Instructor. Shendage, R. N. (2012). Entrepreneurship And Innovation. Shim, W. S., Steers, R. M. (2012). Symmetric and asymmetric leadership cultures: A comparative study of leadership and organizational culture at Hyundai and Toyota.Journal of World Business,47(4), 581-591. Sundberg, K., Sjdahl, E. (2012). Middle Managements perception of the change in competitiveness: A study of the strategic merger between Toyota and BT in Germnay.