Bias in Epidemiological Research

Epidemiology is the check of the factors associated with different types of diseases for example, how a lot does the disease occur, how is the disease transmitted, ways in which the disease can be prevented. There are two main types of epidemiology descriptive epidemiology and analytical epidemiology. descriptive epidemiology is concerned with the frequency and distribution of risk factors in a commonwealth and it makes it possible for one to assess the way the disease has spread. analytic epidemiology aims to study the causes and risks involved with the disease and the preventive measures.This is according to Pinchinat, S, & Ponton Sanchez (2006) Observation epidemiologic studies In this case the epidemiologist does non carry out some(prenominal) actual examine or in other words does not take initiate in any active role in the research. The epidemiologist simply makes observations on what is happening based on an already existing situation without administering any treatment s for example if one wanted to compare the exposure of PCBs exposure to circumstance of cancer over a 20 year period, he would not be necessitate to give any form of treatment single to observe the available case available according to epidemiology base page.Experimental epidemiological studies In contrast to observational studies here the epidemiologist go out be required to do the actual experiments or play an active role by administering the treatment to subjects and then observing the effects of the treatment. For example an epidemiologist can perpetrate a clinical trial of a new drug on pull up stakesing subjects and then observe the changes in subjects based on epidemiology home page. There are different types of biases associated with epidemiological research.According to Erics Notebook, bias arises when an estimated harbor deviates from the original or true value. The case studies given in the fitting are going to provide a basis for the discussion of conglomerate types of biases and the effects of the biases on the measures of association. Based on CES-Research-bias & confounding, different types of biases will be discussed. Case 1 This case might show both natural selection and measurement biases.Selection because the epidemiologist might select the children non-randomly in which case the results could be overestimated or underestimated in that if he over picked children who are not exposed to the chemic then his or her result will be underestimated and vice versa. The results will show a bias in measurement if the epidemiologist measures the outcome inaccurately in which case the results will each be over or underestimated. Case 2 This case could show measurement and analytical biases. Analytical bias is evidenced when patients give false training for example intimately having less sexual partners.This would rent to over or underestimation of the results. measuring bias would occur if the epidemiologist collected the wrong data from the studies. This also would lead to over or underestimation of the results. Case 3 This case will show two kinds of biases measurement bias because the epidemiologist may collect inaccurate data and analytical bias because of not following up the outcome. each this would lead to either under or overestimation of data. Case 4 Measurement and analytical biases could occur in this case.Incase of analytical bias the results could take a breather unchanged or underestimated and in case of measurement bias it could either be under or overestimated. Word count 551 References Aschengran, A, & Seage, G. R, (2008). Essentials of epidemiology in worldly concern health, (2nd Ed. ). Sudbury, MA Jones and Bartlett. CEM-Research- Bias & confounding is a site that provides essential schooling on research bias on epidemiology. file///c/biasconfound. hypertext markup language Checkoway, H, Pearce, N, Kriebel, D. (2004) Research methods in occupational epidemiology.Epidemiology Home Page is a we bsite that gives an entry to epidemiology File///c/epi1. html. Ibrahim, A. M. (2001) Eric Notebook Selection Bias. Department of veterans affairs, epidemiologic research, and information center at Durham, NC. http//eric. unc. edu/notebooks/issue8/eric_notebook_8. pdf Pinchinat, S, & Ponton-Sanchez, A, (2006) Analytic and descriptive epidemiology. Biostatem SARL. File///c/epidemiology. htm written report Types in Epidemiology http//www. nwcphp. org/training/courses-exercise/courses/study-types-in-epi