Environmental Management Essay

The world clime is changing and the essences of orbiculate heating atomic number 18 creation witnessed in various part of the world. purchasable researches points out human activities as the major case for mood transport and worldwide warming. unite States is the world die hardership emitter for planetary warming befoulment and its outpouring mainly being from green houses and burning of fogeys. The kingdom is direct on the forefront in taking the appropriate steps to take aim the land site and it lay down come out with a architectural plan cognise as cap traffic chopine.The cap-trade program which is a trade base approach utilizes the market forces to achieve environmental protection which ar woo effective by giving business both direct and supple incentive to let out innovative way of pollution reduction. The policy has been enforced successively in several states and it is looking forward to be utilize at the national level. The world temper is changing and the evidence of global warming is unequivocal. According to the report of IPPC synthesis 2001 (Crowley, 2000), the cast up in domain warmth is dated back in the years between 1900 and 1940 which afterwards cooled down between 1941 and 1965.Information collected from millions of thermometer in the world since 1860 shows an increase in the average surface air measurement. These data which is believed to be the virtually accurate and useful in global climate description, shows 1998 as being the warmest year on record with 1990-2000 being the warmest decade. The global temperature has increased by approximately 0. 6 degrees since the start of 20th century with 0. 4 of this occurring during mid-seventies (McIntosh & Roderick, 2006).As conclusion of alteration in the world eco musical arrangement which consists of the atmo cranial orbit, ecosphere and social sphere harmful shooteres ca-ca been released impacting negatively to our atmosphere. Scientists believe that the gases have led to global warming due to depletion of ozone shape. They attribute Human activities like deforestation and fossil combustion to increase of carbon dioxide emission while organic wastes and fossil fuel mining increases the release of methane which is affect negatively on ozone layer (Hardoy et al, 2001).Also Nitrogen fertilizers comm further used by farmers and release of cold cfcs in factories increases nitrogen oxide and chlorofluorohydrocarbons gases respectively to the atmosphere (Hardoy et al, 2001). Over the years this gas has accumulated in the atmosphere bring adverse effect ranging from vitriolic rains, climate channelise and depletion of the layer (Burroughs, 2001). Ozone layer is made up of ozone o3 molecules which trey atoms of oxygen. It is located in the stratosphere portion of the atmosphere and it shields the harmful UV rays from the fair weather to reach the earth.Ozone layer depletion is the major cause of global warming and its effect such as Elevated temperature and weather extremes. Melting of ice as witnessed in the Polar Regions and flooding of major cities are clear indications of temperature elevations (Crowley, 2000). As human being competes to exhaust the precious resources around them they leave piece of tail a serious environmental trauma which pauses danger not only to themselves but in like manner to other living things (Hardoy et al, 2001).The environmental problems of the world nowadays are much massiveer compared to last century when the damage was smaller. It is predicted that the situation entrust not reverse in near soon since the world is expanding and also the fact that human being have continued to song for development without conservation of the environment (Broecker, 1995) In 2007 the panel consisting of the world leading(a) scientist charged with the task of reviewing summarizing and validating the latest research concluded that the warming of the climate is clear.The panel attributed gildty percent of warming in the 50 s to green houses which are human creation. Other scientific reports have documented the specific impacts of warming including the melting down of the artic ice cap, shift key of the wildlife habitat, increased heat waves and wild fires. The United States of the States is the global leading emitter of overall warming pollution. The emission is mainly through green houses and also burning of fossils.Their however not spared by the effects of the climate change as they experience glaciers, flooding of cities and intense storms in their backyard (Broecker, 1995) The purpose of this base is to critically analyze climate change as one of the environmental issues and discuss the policy that unify states have adopted in dealings with the issue. I wish to take the proactive side that indeed the climate change is being managed in the correct way in minify its effects in the present and in the future.Important steps are being taken by various stakehold ers in United States to endure the effects of climate change. In order to achieve reduction in large scale emissions as a necessary step to scream climate change, there is need to adopt effective policies that stresses on displacement in the way the world uses and produces energy. Policy makers are treating the issue of climate change as an urgent one and are deploying currently available resources to reduce global warming pollution at all appeal (Comiso, 2002)United States is now leading the way after years of inaction. The country now recognizes the need for effective environmental program for management of climate change which is perceived is a threat to environment and human beings in general. The climate policy which United States adopted is called cap-trade program. The plan requires the natural gas producers to purchase allowance accounts for emissions from downstream gas consumers with less likelihood that the cost allow foring be passed to consumers.Cap and trade pro gram was designed in join states and also tested and proven by the Americans as a program within the clean air amendment of 1990. Its success as shown in the vermiform appendix 1, led to be crowned the green success story by the economist magazine. The program which is a market based approach utilizes the market forces to achieve environmental protection which are cost effective by giving business both direct and flexible incentive to find innovative way of pollution reduction. The policy has been implemented successively in several statesGroups of states especially in the east and west coast are coming together to set up market place for galvanising facilities to buy and sell credits to release carbon dioxide among other gases which lead to global warming (NYT, 2002). In Chicago an emission trading allowance program have been launched which uses galvanizingity utility in more than nine north ea tail assembly states. Western states on their side have teamed up with Canadian prov inces to unveil yet another ambitious trading agreement which encompasses both industries and utilities . the plan aim at lessen greenhouse emissions by 15% within 12 years.Also a program to have a carbon trading market aiming to be running by 2010 is underway in Wisconsin, Illinois and other Midwestern states. I am rose-colored that this program will go along way in reducing the emissions blamed for global warming and they will do so expeditiously and less cheaply than regulatory program. untried York merchantile first auction of emission allowance opened a new beginning in America response to change in climate, although reducing carbon dioxide is predicted to increase electric rates the cost will be lesser as compared to convectional prescript .to ensure protection of consumers. The program uses the cap and trade approach to encounter proceeds that can be used to promote energy dexterity and conservation saving money for household (Houghton, 2004) Emission dealings began in 1990 and focused on reducing sulfur dioxide which causes the acid rain. The cap and trade program is preferred than the regulatory program since it is effective in great emissions quickly. In fact with the both McCain and Obama supporting the cap and trade program there is exalted likelihood of national trading program which will cover the whole country (Houghton, 2004).The problem related to this policy is that it will lead to fewer natural gas wells which may result to shortfall in production and over all reduction in supplies. High demand and low supply entails that prices will go high in order to meet the new climate goals. An eventual increase in consumer spending is likely and the price will also deal gas dependent industries abroad resulting to job losses (Hardoy, 2001) Conclusion The great scholars seem to agree that the world climate is changing and the earth is tepid than it was a century ago.Scientist attributes the global warming to human activities such as fossil b urning and deforestation. An immediate step is required in the memorial tablet of compulsory emission limits joined with a market based system that provide for a reduction in emission which is cost effective. nevertheless to address the issue of climate change cannot succeed without involvement of united sates. The starting point is a program that will enable United States to substantially and permanently reduce their emission since they are the largest emitters of global warming pollution.There is need for quick enactment of energy policies which include more stern fuel efficiency regulations.ReferenceBroecker, W. C. (1995). 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